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| Version | User | Scope of changes |
|---|---|---|
| Sep 25 2007, 9:28 AM EDT (current) | anniesherburne | 2 words added, 1 word deleted |
| Sep 20 2007, 11:31 AM EDT | anniesherburne |
Changes
Key: Additions Deletions
VAT dyes for cotton
VAT dyes cannot be used in their original form, or dissolved in water. They have to have a medium. They are dissolved in an alkaline medium which can them impregnate the fibres. The dyebath is rendered oxygen free in this process (Like
dying with indigo,indigo, where lye is used to remove the oxygen) When the fibre is reintroduced to the air, it reoxygenates, and the dyestuff returns to its original form within the fibre which has now taken on the colour of the dye. (combination of < www.uni-regensburg.de > and <www.pburch.net> 7.5.07 [online])
Vat dying simply means the process of immersion in a dyebath which is heated.
Vegetal Leather
An alternative to leather, made in Brazil, in the rainforest, from latex. AKA Treetap
Vicuna
Undercoat of lama which makes a soft fibre.(ridgewell)
Vilene
Man made fabric which is used for interfacing to stiffen garments. (ridgewell)
Virgin Materials
(defra) Raw materials and resources to be used in manufacturing for the first time.
Viscose
Man made but naturally derived cellulosic fibre and fabric . (Good description of the process of making in wikepedia.) AKA Rayon.
Lenzing fibres are the manufacturers. Viscose is completely biodegradable, can be recycled, incinerated, landfilled or digested in sewage’. (< www.lenzing.com > 7.5.07
[online]) However, according to kate Fletcher, quoting Lauren and hansen 1997 p 69-79, it is pulped in a sulphite based process, and spun with significant environmental impact. Bleached with hydrogen sodium hydroxide and treated with carbon disulphine then spun in a solution of sulphuric acid, sodium sulphate, zinc sulphate and glucose. It generates air emissions of sulphur, nitrous oxides, carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide. Emissions into water, if untreated, contain high levels of COD and BOD, nitrates, phosphates. iron, zinc, oil and grease.
Visil
A flame retardant, viscose fibre with high silica content (ridgewell)
VOCs
Volitile organic compounds including formaldahyde, organo-chlorines and
phenols, which release vapours at room temperature, including carpets, and
underlays. Cause rashed, ashthma, fatigue.
VAT dyes cannot be used in their original form, or dissolved in water. They have to have a medium. They are dissolved in an alkaline medium which can them impregnate the fibres. The dyebath is rendered oxygen free in this process (Like
dying with indigo,indigo, where lye is used to remove the oxygen) When the fibre is reintroduced to the air, it reoxygenates, and the dyestuff returns to its original form within the fibre which has now taken on the colour of the dye. (combination of < www.uni-regensburg.de > and <www.pburch.net> 7.5.07 [online])
Vat dying simply means the process of immersion in a dyebath which is heated.
Vegetal Leather
An alternative to leather, made in Brazil, in the rainforest, from latex. AKA Treetap
Vicuna
Undercoat of lama which makes a soft fibre.(ridgewell)
Vilene
Man made fabric which is used for interfacing to stiffen garments. (ridgewell)
Virgin Materials
(defra) Raw materials and resources to be used in manufacturing for the first time.
Viscose
Man made but naturally derived cellulosic fibre and fabric . (Good description of the process of making in wikepedia.) AKA Rayon.
Lenzing fibres are the manufacturers. Viscose is completely biodegradable, can be recycled, incinerated, landfilled or digested in sewage’. (< www.lenzing.com > 7.5.07
[online]) However, according to kate Fletcher, quoting Lauren and hansen 1997 p 69-79, it is pulped in a sulphite based process, and spun with significant environmental impact. Bleached with hydrogen sodium hydroxide and treated with carbon disulphine then spun in a solution of sulphuric acid, sodium sulphate, zinc sulphate and glucose. It generates air emissions of sulphur, nitrous oxides, carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide. Emissions into water, if untreated, contain high levels of COD and BOD, nitrates, phosphates. iron, zinc, oil and grease.
Visil
A flame retardant, viscose fibre with high silica content (ridgewell)
VOCs
Volitile organic compounds including formaldahyde, organo-chlorines and
phenols, which release vapours at room temperature, including carpets, and
underlays. Cause rashed, ashthma, fatigue.
