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| Version | User | Scope of changes |
|---|---|---|
| Sep 25 2007, 11:00 AM EDT (current) | anniesherburne | |
| Sep 25 2007, 10:57 AM EDT | anniesherburne | 1 word added, 1 word deleted |
Changes
Key: Additions Deletions
BASF
The worlds leading chemical company, producing textile chemicals for the textile industry. All essential products and systems for sizing, pre-treatment, optical brightening, analogue and digital textile printing, coating and finishing, as well as dyeing auxiliaries. ( www.basf.com ) Inclusion in this directory does not imply support of this company.
Bamboo
A source of many types of raw material, from floorboards to fibre for yarn. It is fast growing so very quickly renewable, and most importantly, ‘releases 35% more oxygen than the equivalent amount of trees. It is ready for harvest in 3 years rather than 10-20 for softwoods, needs very little water or pesticide, and helps to rebind soil which has been subject to erosion. It does have to be processed with care though to retain its good eco reputation. (Siegle, Lucy. Ethical living column, Observer magazine “ is it ok to steal food from pandas? 6.5.07.) It is regenerated cellulose Bamboo is a fabulously soft fabric made from the fastest growing plant in the world - it’s been known to grow 47 inches in 24 hours, is pest resistant so no need for pesticides and can also happily grow in drought or flood prone areas which is perfect for farmers in developing countries.(<style will save us> 2.8.07)
Banana
Produces a hard fibre from the outer leaf sheaths and a finer one from inside. In Japan the fibre is used for smooth, stiff kimono, undyed or dyed using resist dying kasufi technique.
Bast
Fibres located in the inner core of the stem of a plant. Traditionally separated by a process known as retting. They have a high tensile strength. examples are jute, ramie, hemp, flax, rattan, soybean, banana, nettle. <www.wikipedia.org> 5.5.07 [online]
Biodegradable
Where materials break down by the microbial action of bacteria and fungi. Materials which do this can be referred to in an eco design context as Biological nutrients.
Biodiesel
Alternative fuel for alternative energy. Made from many different biological alternatives to fossil fuels.
Biodiversity
The whole gamut of animals, plants and species, including micro-organisms and fungi. Wide biodiversity is conducive to development of all species. (an)
Biodynamic Farming
“Biodynamics is a science of life-forces, based on the work of Rudolf Steiner, which a recognises the basic principles at work in nature, and approaches agriculture by taking these principles into account to bring about balance and healing.
Biodynamics is an ongoing path of knowledge rather than an assemblage of methods and techniques.” ( www.biodynamics.com 25.3.07) Unlike organic farming, it follows observed patterns of the moon and planets and recommends specific days and times to carry out all aspects of agricultural practise.
(http://www.jpibiodynamics.org )
Biofibres
Fibres which grow and renew themselves annually. bamboo, soy, algae, maize
agricultural waste and nettle.
Biogas
Biogas is generated when bacteria degrades biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment. (www.energ.co.uk )
Bio manufacturing
(AFL) ‘Fabricateing products as they grow (e.g. Training gourds into shape while they grow for use in packaging after )’
Biomass
Also known as biofuels or bio energy, is obtained from organic matter either directly from plants or indirectly from industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural products. The use of biomass is classed as a 'carbon neutral' process because the carbon dioxide released during the generation of energy from biomass is balanced by that absorbed by plants during their growth.( www.energ.co.uk )
Biological Metabolism
‘The natural processes of ecosystems which make safe and healthy use of materials abundantly’ ( www.greenblue.org key concepts)
Biological nutrients
(Cradle to Cradle) biodegradable materials which can re enter the water or soil without depositing synthetic materials and toxins.
Bio mass
This Term is used to talk about renewable sources of power and fuel, but it also refers to plant and biological matter. (AN)
Bio mimicry
In nature there is no waste. One thing becomes another. Designers need to harmonise product design to give full cycles of use to all the materials which they use. Designers need to mimic the design processes of nature.
Biominetics
Materials which have evolved in nature for the construction of animals and plants,so what more natural than to look to these materials for inspiration and models.EG: an example of smart technology, developed by Veronica Kapsali, inspired by the mechanism of pine cones opening and shutting, clothing will use the latest in micro technology to produce material which will let in air to cool a wearer when it is hot and shut out air when it is cold.
( www.bath.ac.uk/mecheng//biomimetics/newmats )
Bio polymers
Derived from Corn or sugar beet, bio polymers can be manufactured into biodegradable clear or opaque plastic and textile fibres which create fabric with the handle of silk or linen.
Biopolymers are also used to make alternatives to plastic, in the form of films and hard sheets. This means that ‘Consumers have a lively interest in biopolymers too. Conventional plastics are often seen as environmentally unfriendly. Sustainable plastics could therefore provide an image advantage www.o2.org.
Bioregionalism
The revival of locally appropriate growth fo fibre and production, for example inthe UK, flax and hemp indistries. This reduces transport costs, and emmissions,and encourages transparency and local accountability. See Localisation.
Bleaching
‘The process of removing colour. Chemically, chlorine can be used (sodium
hydrochlorite) An oxygen bleach contains hydrogen peroxide.’ <wikipedia.org>
5.5.07 [online] Indian Khadi cloth (the hand weaving industry started by
Ghandi) uses ox dung to bleach. On a recent visit to India, I was surprised to learn that dung is used as a cleaning agent.
Brushtail Fur
Possum were introduced to New Zealand in 1837 and have become a threat to the flora, fauna and wildlife. It is therefore the only environmentally friendly fur
and its use is supported by the World Wildlife Fund. (www.ecowool.com and
Howies)
By-product
Materials left over from or generated by a product or process. (an)
The worlds leading chemical company, producing textile chemicals for the textile industry. All essential products and systems for sizing, pre-treatment, optical brightening, analogue and digital textile printing, coating and finishing, as well as dyeing auxiliaries. ( www.basf.com ) Inclusion in this directory does not imply support of this company.
Bamboo
A source of many types of raw material, from floorboards to fibre for yarn. It is fast growing so very quickly renewable, and most importantly, ‘releases 35% more oxygen than the equivalent amount of trees. It is ready for harvest in 3 years rather than 10-20 for softwoods, needs very little water or pesticide, and helps to rebind soil which has been subject to erosion. It does have to be processed with care though to retain its good eco reputation. (Siegle, Lucy. Ethical living column, Observer magazine “ is it ok to steal food from pandas? 6.5.07.) It is regenerated cellulose Bamboo is a fabulously soft fabric made from the fastest growing plant in the world - it’s been known to grow 47 inches in 24 hours, is pest resistant so no need for pesticides and can also happily grow in drought or flood prone areas which is perfect for farmers in developing countries.(<style will save us> 2.8.07)
Banana
Produces a hard fibre from the outer leaf sheaths and a finer one from inside. In Japan the fibre is used for smooth, stiff kimono, undyed or dyed using resist dying kasufi technique.
Bast
Fibres located in the inner core of the stem of a plant. Traditionally separated by a process known as retting. They have a high tensile strength. examples are jute, ramie, hemp, flax, rattan, soybean, banana, nettle. <www.wikipedia.org> 5.5.07 [online]
Biodegradable
Where materials break down by the microbial action of bacteria and fungi. Materials which do this can be referred to in an eco design context as Biological nutrients.
Biodiesel
Alternative fuel for alternative energy. Made from many different biological alternatives to fossil fuels.
Biodiversity
The whole gamut of animals, plants and species, including micro-organisms and fungi. Wide biodiversity is conducive to development of all species. (an)
Biodynamic Farming
“Biodynamics is a science of life-forces, based on the work of Rudolf Steiner, which a recognises the basic principles at work in nature, and approaches agriculture by taking these principles into account to bring about balance and healing.
Biodynamics is an ongoing path of knowledge rather than an assemblage of methods and techniques.” ( www.biodynamics.com 25.3.07) Unlike organic farming, it follows observed patterns of the moon and planets and recommends specific days and times to carry out all aspects of agricultural practise.
(http://www.jpibiodynamics.org )
Biofibres
Fibres which grow and renew themselves annually. bamboo, soy, algae, maize
agricultural waste and nettle.
Biogas
Biogas is generated when bacteria degrades biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment. (www.energ.co.uk )
Bio manufacturing
(AFL) ‘Fabricateing products as they grow (e.g. Training gourds into shape while they grow for use in packaging after )’
Biomass
Also known as biofuels or bio energy, is obtained from organic matter either directly from plants or indirectly from industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural products. The use of biomass is classed as a 'carbon neutral' process because the carbon dioxide released during the generation of energy from biomass is balanced by that absorbed by plants during their growth.( www.energ.co.uk )
Biological Metabolism
‘The natural processes of ecosystems which make safe and healthy use of materials abundantly’ ( www.greenblue.org key concepts)
Biological nutrients
(Cradle to Cradle) biodegradable materials which can re enter the water or soil without depositing synthetic materials and toxins.
Bio mass
This Term is used to talk about renewable sources of power and fuel, but it also refers to plant and biological matter. (AN)
Bio mimicry
In nature there is no waste. One thing becomes another. Designers need to harmonise product design to give full cycles of use to all the materials which they use. Designers need to mimic the design processes of nature.
Biominetics
Materials which have evolved in nature for the construction of animals and plants,so what more natural than to look to these materials for inspiration and models.EG: an example of smart technology, developed by Veronica Kapsali, inspired by the mechanism of pine cones opening and shutting, clothing will use the latest in micro technology to produce material which will let in air to cool a wearer when it is hot and shut out air when it is cold.
( www.bath.ac.uk/mecheng//biomimetics/newmats )
Bio polymers
Derived from Corn or sugar beet, bio polymers can be manufactured into biodegradable clear or opaque plastic and textile fibres which create fabric with the handle of silk or linen.
Biopolymers are also used to make alternatives to plastic, in the form of films and hard sheets. This means that ‘Consumers have a lively interest in biopolymers too. Conventional plastics are often seen as environmentally unfriendly. Sustainable plastics could therefore provide an image advantage www.o2.org.
Bioregionalism
The revival of locally appropriate growth fo fibre and production, for example inthe UK, flax and hemp indistries. This reduces transport costs, and emmissions,and encourages transparency and local accountability. See Localisation.
Bleaching
‘The process of removing colour. Chemically, chlorine can be used (sodium
hydrochlorite) An oxygen bleach contains hydrogen peroxide.’ <wikipedia.org>
5.5.07 [online] Indian Khadi cloth (the hand weaving industry started by
Ghandi) uses ox dung to bleach. On a recent visit to India, I was surprised to learn that dung is used as a cleaning agent.
Brushtail Fur
Possum were introduced to New Zealand in 1837 and have become a threat to the flora, fauna and wildlife. It is therefore the only environmentally friendly fur
and its use is supported by the World Wildlife Fund. (www.ecowool.com and
Howies)
By-product
Materials left over from or generated by a product or process. (an)
